Module 3

1. What accounts for the massive peasant rebellions of 19thcentury China?

 During the massive peasant rebellions of the 19th century, China was growing in population. They were unable to effectively perform many of their functions such as public security and tax collections. This also led to unemployment, impoverishment, and starvation. Peasants frequently embraced rebellion, finding leadership in charismatic figures who proclaimed a millenarian religious message. Taiping Uprising between 1850 and 1864 found its inspiration in a unique form of Christianity that also had an effect on gender roles as Hakka women who never fought now had chances to fight as soldiers.

2.  How did Western pressures stimulate change in China during the 19thcentury?

During this time in China, China was forced to continue to import opium which was part of the great opium wars. Opium started to become a serious problem in the late eighteenth century, when the British began to use opium to cover their persistent trade imbalance with China. China had to cede Hong Kong to Britain and open a number of other ports to European merchants. Western pressure weakened China at precisely the time when China required a strong government.

       11.    How did Japan’s relationship to the larger world change during its modernization process?

During this time unfair treaties were written in favor of the Japanese which lead other subjects to look at Japan as a model of their own development in their struggle against imperialism. Japan even became somewhat of a power as a competitor. Japan’s economic, political, and military structure also gave them an upper hand. 

Module 2 Chapter 18

1. In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of 19thcentury European imperialism?

With the rise of the Industrial Revolution, European powers found profit in foreign markets. This meant finding raw materials and agricultural products in other parts of the world. By selling the newly created products made from the materials of the natural resources of the other areas of the world Imperialist believed this would stop the problems in their homeland. It gave rise to many jobs to the growing population which therefore created a class fully employed and in hopes of stopping issues between the different classes.     

4. In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia?

European nationalism was the main motivator for them justifying their involvement in other areas scouting for resources. Africa, one of the many areas taken for their natural resources, was a ground for a race to the finish of who could colonize the nations. Europeans also looked down on the various parts of Africa and Asia from their superiority complex. 

3. What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the 19thcentury?

It started with "they" were heathens and "we" were Christians but the effect of Social Darwinism was a major factor. This states human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection. This along with war made aggression towards African and Asia more common as they felt they were less civilized. Many people thought it was their duty to “civilize the weak races”. 

Chapter 17, 3 Questions

1. How did the Industrial Revolution transform British society?                                                          The industrial revolution began because of the substantial increase in people. As Britain's industrial economy matured it gave rise to a lot of job opportunities for the middle class. Laboring classes also sought greater political participation which then created trade unions and developed socialist ideas that challenged capitalist ideas. 
2. What did humankind gain from the Industrial Revolution, and what did it lose?                        During the industrial revolution, there were a lot of gains especially in the output of goods and services. This is because of an enormous jump in the capacities of the societies to produce wealth. What they lost was mainly the older methods of production and the working/living conditions they were put in were terrible. It hurt the environment as well as creating bitter social and class conflicts. 
3. How did Britain's middle classes change during the 19th century? The middle-class society of Britain was made up of politicals who favored constitutional government, free trade, private property, and social reform within limits. The ideas of thrift and hard work, cleanliness, and rigid morality filled middle-class culture.  

Chapter 17

The Industrial Revolution was a major wave that changed the way we work in the western world. The Industrial Revolution began in Europe and I think it was Britain because it was one of the most popular places to trade and had many advancements for their time. In this British industrial time, we see British Aristocracy. Russia and the United States also passed through the industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution was common throughout the world in the way that it spread new technologies and new ways of thinking.

Ch 16 Part 2 + Documents

The Atlantic revolution took place in France beginning in 1789. Three major movements that developed in this were the abolition of slavery, independence from foreign rule, and feminism. The Atlantic revolutions also gave rise to the ideas of nationalism throughout the globe. This, in turn, made the greeks and Serbs declare their independence from the Ottoman Empire. Nationalism in politics put all the work on the people.

The feminist movement that rose from the Atlantic Revolutions is important. Enlightenment thinkers began challenging the ancient traditions put in place basically stating that women's inferiority. Middle class, in particular, was growing women who began finding educational opportunities and began to find freedom from the household restrictions. Ideas also began forming about individual equal rights that men have. This feminism was greatly faced with criticism and hate by people claiming that going out affected their reproductive system. The growth of feminism raised issues that would carry more later on.

Part 5 and Chapter 16

Part 5 talks about the years 1750 and 1914 and the societies that emerged from the intersection of the Scientific, French, and Industrial Revolutions. The second half of this talks about the great power and influence these powers had on everywhere else.

Ch. 16
The Atlantic revolutions of North America, France, Haiti, and Latin America were very costly wars that strained the European imperial states. The ideas that the Atlantic revolutions took from the Enlightenment were shared also between the French and American Revolutionaries. These new ideas of equality, free trade, liberty, and religious tolerance were widely popular. This all had a global impact 

• One of these revolutions was the Haitian revolution which took place between 1775 and 1825 and shook both sides of the Atlantic. 
• Thomas Jefferson was the U.S. ambassador to France in the French revolution. 
• The french revolution, rose the question of female political equality far more than the American revolution. 

Chapter 15

• Christianity to Asians, Africans, and Native Americans. Early science, being against Christianity. These are two Cultural Standards that started spreading during the 21 century. 
• Christianity was established in the Americas and the Phillippines while Siberia, China, Japan, and India becoming Islamic.
• Christianity motivated European political and economic expansion.
• The Christain World Divided between the Roman Catholics of Western and Central Europe and the Eastern Orthodox of Eastern Europe and Russia. 
• In the early 16th Century, the Protestant Reformation shattered what could've been the unity of Roman Catholic Christianity.
• Missionaries had their greatest success in Spanish America and in the Philippines.