Module 6

3)
There were many international circumstances and social changes contributed to the end of the colonial empires. One major thing that affected and weakened Europe was the world wars. It hurt Europe structurally and mentally. Mentally mainly because this just extinguished their superiority complex. The complexity was all they had and now that they just have nothing to support that.  Now the new big powers, the United States and the Soviet Union strongly opposed the European colonies. The connection between the European empires completely diminished and no further progress could be made. Also in these colonies western-educated elites rose up through the colonial world and were familiar with European culture, they were fully aware of the gap between its values and its practices.

4)

During this time the leaders of the movements for independence faced many difficult situations in order to fight for independence. Many of the obstacles they faced were plotting their strategies, recruiting members, and organizing political parties. In some regions of South Africa and the Portuguese territories, the leaders also used their military operations. Anti-colonial groups did struggle over the questions of power, leadership, and strategy even though they all had a common goal. Although these internal struggles between the anti-colonists rose they still had the same goal.

6)

 During the 1920s and 1930s, Gandhi became a leader in the Indian National Congress while also a lawyer as a western-educated elite. Gandhi was active and confrontational through a nonviolent method and had strategies of resistance that supported the foundation for the Indian independence movement creating Truth Force, political nonviolent philosophy. He also imposed nationalism, but opposed a modern industrial future for India. Gandhi had a major role in turning the Indian National Congress (INC) into a mass organization he also unified people with principles of duty and morality and even created a concept of India with both Muslims and Hindus. Gandhi wanted to unify them through a peaceful method.